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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 11:03 pm
Time: 11:03 pm
Results for justice-involved youth
1 results foundAuthor: Loughran, Thomas Title: A Longitudinal Investigation of Trauma Exposure, Retraumatization, and PostTraumatic Stress of Justice-Involved Adolescents Summary: BACKGROUND. The strong link between trauma exposure and delinquency is a recurring research finding (Dierkhising et al., 2013). Justice-involved adolescents experience disproportionately high rates of trauma exposure with some studies reporting trauma exposure among justice-involved adolescents at a rate that is two to three times higher than that of the general population (Baglivio et al., 2014; Grevstad, 2010). Despite concerted attention to the issue of trauma exposure among justice-involved adolescents, critical questions remain regarding trauma exposure and the development of trauma-related psychological distress among justiceinvolved adolescents. OBJECTIVES. Based on the extensive levels of trauma exposure and the need to provide effective trauma-informed services to justice-involved youth, the purpose of this study was to provide greater understanding of trauma exposure, retraumatization, and trauma-related psychological distress among justice-involved adolescents. METHODS. The evolution of exposure to violence and psychological distress among adolescents were examined using a sample 1,354 male and female youths who completed a baseline assessment and 10 follow-up interviews over a seven-year period as part of the Pathways to Desistence study. After examining descriptive and bivariate analyses, latent class analysis was utilized to analytically identify a taxonomy based on adolescents' patterns of exposure to violence as well as to explore the association between the analytically-identified exposure to violence patterns and various psychological symptoms. Additionally, latent growth models were analyzed examining: (a) changes in exposure to violence over time, (b) changes in psychological distress over time, (c) the contemporaneous, parallel processes of changes in exposure to violence and psychological distress over time, and (d) differences in the evolution of violence exposure and psychological distress across sex and race/ethnicity. RESULTS. Examining exposure to violence connections to various types of psychological symptoms, the strongest associations were found between exposure to violence and depression, hostility, paranoid ideation, and psychotic symptoms. Associations between the level and trajectories of exposure to violence and psychological distress remained consistent over the study period. On average, both exposure to violence and psychological distress among this sample of justice-involved youth slightly decreased over time. While these findings show a general decrease in exposure to violence and psychological distress in over time, they do not support the notion that exposure to violence and psychological distress improves or worsens similarly for all justice-involved youth. For example, findings indicated justice-involved Caucasian and Hispanic youth experienced a significant decrease in exposure to violence that was not experienced by African American youth. IMPLICATIONS. Future research is critically needed to investigate the effectiveness of trauma-informed care modalities in reducing trauma-related psychological distress for justice-involved youth. Additionally, research is needed on the effectiveness of treatment modalities targeting various facets of psychological distress common among justice-involved youth such as trauma-related anger. Practitioners treating justice-involved youth who have witnessed and/or experienced violence should take care not to mislabel anger, hostility, and aggression as symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder or Conduct Disorder as they may be trauma-related symptoms indicative of Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders. Details: Report to the U.S. National Institute of Justice, 2018. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 18, 2018 at: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/252015.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/252015.pdf Shelf Number: 151570 Keywords: Adolescents Exposure to Violence Justice-Involved YouthPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Trauma Violence Exposure |